Martin,+Abigail

Abby Martin Physical Science Period 4/5  Symbol: Li Atomic Number: 3 Atomic Weight: 6.941 g/cm Density: 0.53 (g/cm^3) Boiling Point: 1347 degrees Celsius Melting Point: 180.54 degrees Celsius Protons: 3 Neutrons: 4 Electrons: 3 Valence electrons: 1 Electron configuration: 1s^2 2s^1 Orbital Notation: 1s^2 2s^1 Lithium was discovered during an analysis of petalite (LiAlSi4O10) in Stockholm, Sweden when Johan Arfvedson, the discoverer, found that petalite contained Silicon, Aluminum, and an alkali in 1817. Lithium is produced by electrolysis from a mixture of molten lithium chloride and potassium chloride. The top 3 producing countries are (in order) Australia, China, and Portugal The top 3 mining countries are (in order) Bolivia, Chile, and China __**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Chemical Properties **__ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Corrosive, highly reactive, cause skin to burn, and oxidizes rapidly in air __**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Physical Properties **__ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Soft, silvery white, and least dense of metals __**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Found in Ores **__ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Lithium doesn’t occur as a free element in nature; Found in small amounts in ores from igneous rocks and in salts from mineral springs. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Pure lithium metal is used in rechargeable lithium ion batteries and as an alloy with other elements to make high performance aircraft parts. Lithium also has various nuclear applications. Lithium carbonate is used as a mood-stabilizing drug. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Pure = $27 per 100g, Bulk = $9.50 per 100g __**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Works Cited **__ //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">It's Elemental //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. []. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">"Lithium." Chemicool Periodic Table. Chemicool.com 17 Oct. 2012. Web. 3/4/2013 []. //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">WebElements //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">. Mark Winter, n.d. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. [].
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Lithium __**
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Discovery __**
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Production and Mining __**
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Two Common Chemical Reactions __**
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Lithium metal is cut easily with a knife. The result is a shiny, silvery surface that tarnishes because of reaction with oxygen and moisture from the air. When lithium is burned in air the product is white oxide lithium oxide. 4Li(s) + O2(g) → 2Li2O(s)
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Lithium also reacts with nitrogen to form lithium nitride. 6Li(s) + N2(g) → 2Li3N(s)
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Industrial and Commercial Uses __**
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Cost/Value __**
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Unusual Facts __**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Lithium is believed to be one of only three elements- hydrogen and helium- produced in significant quantities by the Big Bang
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Synthesis of these elements took place within the first three minutes of the universe’s existence
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Lithium is the only alkali metal that reacts with nitrogen
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Humphrey Davy produced some of the world’s first Lithium metal from lithium carbonate
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Today lithium carbonate is used to inhibit the manic phase of bipolar disorder
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Lithium based batteries have revolutionized consumer devices (computers/cell phones)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Lithium batteries deliver more energy because they have high energy density
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Burns with a crimson flame, but when the metal burns sufficiently well, the falme becomes a brilliant white