Coleman,+Abigail

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//**The element iodine**//

Symbol of element: I

Specific density:Density (near r.t.) 4.933 g·cm−3

[|Atomic number]:53

Atomic mass:126.90447

Protons:53 Neutrons:74 Electrons:53



Melting point: 236.7°F (113.7°C)

Boiling point: 184.3 °C (363.7 °F)

# of valance electrons:Number of Energy Levels: 5

Electron configuration and orbital notation: First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 18 Fifth Energy Level: 7

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">Where,when, and who discovered it: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Iodine was discovered by Barnard Courtois in 1811, in [|France]. He isolated iodine from treating seaweed ash with sulphuric acid (H2SO4) while recovering sodium and potassium compounds.Iodine is a chemical element. The body needs iodine but cannot make it. The needed iodine must come from the diet. As a rule, there is very little iodine in food, unless it has been added during processing, which is now the case with salt. Most of the world’s iodine is found in the ocean, where it is concentrated by sea life, especially seaweed.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> Uses: Iodine deficiency is a common world health problem. Additionally, across the globe iodine deficiency is thought to be the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. Early in the twentieth century, iodine deficiency was common in the US and Canada, but the addition of iodine to salt has improved public health. The addition of iodine to salt is required in Canada. In the US, iodized salt is not required, but it is widely available. Researchers estimate that iodized salt is used regularly by about half the US population.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> Iodine is used to prevent iodine deficiency and its consequences, including goiter. It is also used for treating fibrocystic breast disease; preventing breast cancer, eye disease, diabetes, and heart disease and stroke; and as an expectorant.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Iodine is also used to for radiation emergencies, to protect the thyroid gland against radioactive iodides. Potassium iodide tablets for use in a radiation emergency are available as FDA-approved products and on the Internet as food supplements. Potassium iodide should only be used in a radiation emergency, not in advance of an emergency to prevent sickness.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Iodine is applied to the skin to kill germs, prevent soreness inside the mouth caused by chemotherapy, and treat diabetic ulcers. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Iodine is also used for water purification.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Where and how produced, processed, or mined: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Sources: Iodine is primarily retrieved from underground brines (water with many dissolved salts and ions) that are associated with natural gas and oil deposits. It is also retrieved as a by-product with nitrate deposits in caliche deposits. Chile’s production of iodine is from this source. Seawater contains 0.05 ppm (parts per million) iodine which means that there are approximately 76 billion pounds of iodine in the world’s oceans. Iodine was first discovered in seaweed. Dried seaweed contain as much as 0.45% iodine. Seaweed was a major source of iodine before 1959. Seaweed is a significant source for iodine in the diets of many people around the world.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Minerals,compounds, or ores in which iodine is found: // Iodine // - Initial production was from seaweed. Iodine is extracted from natural gas field brines (up to 1200 ppm iodine in the brines)@http://www.minsocam.org/msa/collectors_corner/article/oremin.htm

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<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">List two chemical reactions :Iodine, I2, reacts with water to produce hypoiodite, OI-. The position of the equilibrium depends very much upon the pH of the solution. Iodine reacts with hot concentrated nitric acid to form iodic acid. The iodic acid crystallizes out on cooling

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Industrial or commercial uses? Iodine has many commercial uses including pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, printing inks and dyes, catalysts and animal feeds. Iodide in small amounts is added to table salt in order to avoid thyroid disease.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Cost or value: Iodine has a pretty low cost per gram when you consider it is only worth $8.30 per 100 grams. So each gram would be about 8.3 cents. Not very expensive for an element that has a variety of uses, such as a disinfectant

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">Unusual facts: Iodine’s name comes from the Greek work ‘iodes’ meaning violet. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">In small doses, iodine is slightly toxic and it is highly poisonous in large amounts. Elemental iodine is an irritant which can cause sores on the skin. Iodine vapor causes extreme eye irritation.