Linebarger,+Brenden

By Brenden Linebarger Californium Name and symbol: Californium, Cf Boiling point: unknown Melting point: 1173k (900 degrees Celsius or 1652 degrees Fahrenheit) Specific gravity/density: Unknown Number of protons, neutron, and electrons: Protons: 98 Neutrons: 153 Electrons: 98 Atomic mass: 251 Atomic number: 98

Electron configuration and orbital notation:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f10 6s2 6p6 7s2

2 valence electrons in the first level.8 valence electrons in the second level.18 valence electrons in the third level. 32 valence elcectrons in the fourth level.28 valence electrons in the fifth level.8 valence electrons in the sixth level. 2 valence elctron in the outermost level.

Number of valence electrons: 2 in outer most shell How, when and who discovered it: It was first produced by Stanley Thompson, Kenneth Street, Albert Ghiorso and Glenn Seaborg in 1950 at the university of California hence the name Californium. Where and how produced, processed or mined : It was made by scientists in a lab by combining Curium-242 with alpha particles in a 60-inch cyclotron, with only a half life of 30 minutes it's hard to find pictures of the substance. It was first made in Berkeley, California at the university. Chemical and physical properties: Physical: Molar volume, thermal conductivity, and electrical resistivity, bulk modulus, critical temperature, superconductivity temperature, hardness, Poisson's ratio, reflectivity, refractive index. Chemical: Air, water, halogens, acids, and bases Minerals, compounds, or ores in which found : It's made synthetically Two common chemical reactions: Acids, and bases Industrial or commercial use: Californium is radioactive and only found in small amounts. It is full of neurons. For that it's used as a detection source for silver and gold. Another use is in moisture gauges for the determination of water and oil-bearing layers in oil wells. Cost or value: None Diagram of Bohr model: Picture of element in pure state: Unusual facts : Californium is a radioactive Used to treat cervical cancer Has 20 isotopes

Citation

WebElements http://www.webelements.com Mark winter 2012

Jefferson Lab http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ Steve Gannon 2014

Chemicool http://www.chemicool.com Chem cool 2014